Approximations to wave propagation through doubly-periodic arrays of scatterers

The propagation of waves through a doubly-periodic array of identical rigid scatterers is considered in the case that the field equation is the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to obtain the dispersion relation corresponding to wave propagation through an array of scatterers of arbitrary shape that are each small relative to both the wave length and the array periodicity. The results obtained differ from those obtained from homogenization in that there is no requirement that the wave length be much smaller than the array periodicity, and hence it is possible to examine phenomena, such as band gaps, that are associated with the array periodicity.