An investigation into the available resources used for the design of small temporary or non‐permanent surface water supply dams in emergencies

Current global trends, indicate that natural and man-made events (e.g. conflict, extreme weather phenomena), which result in mass people displacements and subsequent establishment of refugee/IDP camps, are likely to continue. The types of water supply systems built for these camps depend on available water sources, funding, technical expertise, expected duration of provision, and constraints set by hosting governments. Due to the usually expected temporary nature of refugee camps, socio-political and socio-economic pressure, infrastructure is often required to be temporary. This requirement can lead to inefficient designs and premature disqualification of viable solutions, e.g. small dams, due to lack of design resources or expertise. Design resources for large permanent dams are available, however this research utilised systematic review and survey research methods to investigate availability and adequacy of design resources for temporary small dams in emergencies. Design tools were developed and recommendations made towards comprehensive resources incorporating technical and nontechnical criteria.