Aspects of power sources based on lead-dissolving acids and the lead dioxide/lead couple

A comprehensive account is given of the work associated with the design, development and production of a high-performance battery from the issuing of a new and demanding specification. Theoretical considerations coupled with a survey of the field led to a choice of a suitable couple. Laboratory methods for producing electrodes in quantity were worked out in order to enable the operating parameters of the cell to be optimised by a study of discharges under various conditions. Production methods for the electrodes were developed and various problems, in particular those stemming from locked up stresses in electro-deposits, were solved in the laboratory. The high performance specified could only be achieved by using perchloric acid electrolyte; important successes were achieved in reducing the fire and explosion hazard associated with this substance. Thus far the final cell (and battery design) has proved eminently satisfactory not only in meeting specified performance but in maintaining activity after more than two years of dry storage. In addition full-scale production, based on the methods evolved in the laboratory, is proceeding smoothly.