Evaluation of global container port investment projects

In the past, the main sources of government funding or borrowing for seaport developments in developing and less developed countries were international funding agencies, such as the World Bank, the European Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the African Development Bank. In the last ten years, privatisation through Joint Ventures (JV) or Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Concessions has emerged as the main sources of finance. Examples of these are the privatisation programmes in Malaysia, India and China. Within the last decade, industrialised countries such as the United Kingdom and Netherlands have also placed great emphasis on enhancing the efficiency and productivity of their seaports by privatisation. Private seaport operators are emerging to invest in foreign seaport projects. [Continues.]