Investigating the sustainability of Open Defecation Free Status (ODF) of villages in South Sudan

This research investigates the sustainability of Open Defecation Free (ODF) status in rural South Sudan, a country grappling with a severe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) crisis. Employing the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach, the study reveals persistent challenges in maintaining ODF status despite initial declarations. Inconsistent access, variations in latrine usage, and inadequate handwashing facilities contribute to the risk of reverting to open defecation. Recommendations include strengthening community engagement, enforcing by-laws, prioritizing behaviour change communication, and implementing monitoring mechanisms. Economic constraints, environmental factors, institutional challenges, and the absence of pro-poor support are identified as barriers to sustaining latrines. Motivators for latrine use encompass disease prevention, comfort, fly avoidance, respect, and privacy. Addressing these factors holistically is crucial for achieving sustained ODF status and advancing broader WASH goals, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 6 by 2030