Probability conceptions and metacognitive judgements of Indonesian secondary school students and in-service mathematics teachers

Probability is a complex concept, which makes it difficult for teachers to teach and students to understand. Research on teaching and learning of probability across various levels of education has been mostly done in western countries, and there is a need to investigate the topic in other countries, like Indonesia (Shaughnessy, 1992). This doctoral research project has two general aims: (1) to explore Indonesian junior secondary school students’ and in-service mathematics teachers’ probabilistic reasoning across a variety of probability contexts and problems, and (2) to investigate whether a simulation-based, hands-on teaching programme can help Indonesian eighth-grade junior secondary school students understand some probability concepts, address some of their probabilistic misconceptions and improve their metacognitive judgments better than business-as-usual teaching practice. This research comprised two main studies conducted in four phases.