Process monitoring for laser-directed energy deposition with respect to a retrofit hybrid manufacturing system

In recent years there has been a significant renewed interest in the combination of Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machining in the same platform. This technology is commonly known as Hybrid Manufacturing (HM). There are many advantages to combining processes that can produce synergy. For Hybrid Manufacturing (HM), having one cell that can precisely deposit and remove material is advantageous. This single machine can produce parts with a high-quality surface finish, with the potential to have complex geometries. [Continues.]