Supplementary information files for The relationships between biotic uniqueness and abiotic uniqueness are context dependent across drainage basins worldwide
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Supplementary files for article The relationships between biotic uniqueness and abiotic uniqueness are context dependent across drainage basins worldwide
Context
Global change, including land-use change and habitat degradation, has led to a decline in biodiversity, more so in freshwater than in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the research on freshwaters lags behind terrestrial and marine studies, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to comprehend freshwater biodiversity.
Objectives
We investigated patterns in the relationships between biotic uniqueness and abiotic environmental uniqueness in drainage basins worldwide.
Methods
We compiled high-quality data on aquatic insects (mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies at genus-level) from 42 drainage basins spanning four continents. Within each basin we calculated biotic uniqueness (local contribution to beta diversity, LCBD) of aquatic insect assemblages, and four types of abiotic uniqueness (local contribution to environmental heterogeneity, LCEH), categorized into upstream land cover, chemical soil properties, stream site landscape position, and climate. A mixed-effects meta-regression was performed across basins to examine variations in the strength of the LCBD-LCEH relationship in terms of latitude, human footprint, and major continental regions (the Americas versus Eurasia).
Results
On average, relationships between LCBD and LCEH were weak. However, the strength and direction of the relationship varied among the drainage basins. Latitude, human footprint index, or continental location did not explain significant variation in the strength of the LCBD-LCEH relationship.
Conclusions
We detected strong context dependence in the LCBD-LCEH relationship across the drainage basins. Varying environmental conditions and gradient lengths across drainage basins, land-use change, historical contingencies, and stochastic factors may explain these findings. This context dependence underscores the need for basin-specific management practices to protect the biodiversity of riverine systems.
Funding
GloBioTrends (Grant No. 331957)
European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR (Grant No. AG325)
National Council for Scientific & Technological Development (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG) (grants 308974/2020–4 and 465610/2014–5)
National Research Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH FK 135 136)
János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences BO-00106–21
National Council for Scientific & Technological Development (CNPq) research productivity grant 304060/2020–8
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (PPM 00104–18, APQ-00261–22)
Leibniz Competition (Grant No. J45/2018)
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF grant agreement number no. 033W034A)
National Council for Scientific & Technological Development (CNPq) (Grant No. PQ-309763–2020-7)
eLTER PLUS project (Grant Agreement No. 871128)
33 Forest, CIKEL Ltd. and Instituto de Floresta Tropical (IFT)
Biodiversity Research Consortium Brazil-Norway (BRC)
Norsk Hydro
Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (304710/2019–9)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil, process no. 449315/2014–2 and 481015/2011–6)
CNPq (grant # 312531/2021–4)
Biodiversa/FAPEAM (01.02.016301.03271/2021–93)
Swiss Federal Office for the Environment
Seneca Foundation
European Fund of Regional Development (PLP10/FS/97)
São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grant 13/50424–1 and 21/00619–7
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) grant 309496/2021–7
Grant #2021/13299–0, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) (process number: 167873/2022–9)
History
School
- Social Sciences and Humanities
Department
- Geography and Environment