Proteomic biomarkers of heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are used to assist clinicians with timely diagnosis, prognosis and risk prediction of patients for personalized treatment. Using modern proteomic methods such as mass spectrometry, an increasing number of novel biomarkers have been identified that further aid clinicians in the early diagnosis and outcome prediction of HF. This review focuses on the array of common and novel protein-based biomarkers which provide diagnostic and prognostic information in HF.