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Download fileThe effects of activated carbon surface features on the reactive adsorption of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole
journal contribution
posted on 2017-05-25, 13:57 authored by Lilja Nielsen, Mark Biggs, William Skinner, Teresa J. Bandosz© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Two commercial carbons, coconut shell- and wood-based were chosen to evaluate the mechanisms of carbamazepine (CBZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) adsorption from a low (ppm level) concentration of these pharmaceuticals. The initial sample and those after adsorption were extensively characterized using potentiometric titration, thermal analysis combined with mass spectroscopy, FTIR, and XPS. It was found that not only porosity but also surface chemistry plays an important role in the adsorption process. The results show that extensive surface reactions take place during adsorption and adsorbates undergo significant transformations in the pore system. The ability of carbon surfaces to form superoxide ions results in the oxidation of CBZ and SMX, and their partial decomposition. Surface chemistry also promotes dimerization of the latter species. Moreover, functional groups of CBZ and SMX, mainly amines, react with oxygen groups of the carbon surface. Thus not only microporous carbons with sizes of pores similar to those of adsorbate molecules, but the carbons with large pores, rich in oxygen groups, can efficiently remove these pharmaceuticals following the reactive adsorption mechanism.
Funding
This publication was made possible by USEPA grant (RD835178).
History
School
- Science
Department
- Chemistry
Published in
CarbonVolume
80Issue
1Pages
419 - 432Citation
NIELSEN, L., 2014. The effects of activated carbon surface features on the reactive adsorption of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole. Carbon, 80(1), pp. 419-432.Publisher
© ElsevierVersion
- AM (Accepted Manuscript)
Publisher statement
This work is made available according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence. Full details of this licence are available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Publication date
2014Notes
This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Carbon and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.08.081ISSN
0008-6223Publisher version
Language
- en